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Glass ball
The core material of glass spheres is glass, primarily composed of silica as the base ingredient, with sodium carbonate added to lower the melting point and calcium carbonate to enhance stability. A small amount of colorants—such as metal oxides like iron, cobalt, or chromium—are sometimes incorporated to produce hues like red, blue, or green. Glass spheres exhibit excellent light transmission, a brittle texture (prone to shattering upon impact), moderate hardness, low cost, and no specialized functional properties.